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Kashmir :

Ages ago, before the advent of Islam, there were many types of dances in Kashmir. Devadasi-s used to perform ritual dances in temples. These dances were rich in technique and prayer. Moreover, Kashmir is the home of many authorities in dance, namely - Udbhatta, Lollapata, Abhinava Gupta. All this proves the rich tradition of dance in Kashmir. But after the advent of Islam, there are four types of folk dances prevalent in Kashmir.

Hafiza :

Believed to be evolved from Devasasi cult Hafiza-s are sacred dancers who dance to the music of 'Sufiana Kalam' evalued by the Sufi-s. These dancers express the meaning and impact of the songs. These songs were mostly composed during the 14th century during the reign of Sultan-Zian-UI-Ab-Din.

The dance of 'Hafiza-s' consists of Bhava-s and they include delicate postures and gliding steps resembling Kathak dance. Their costumes are similar to nautch girls of North India and they wear the traditional ornaments of Kashmir. The songs are accompanied by instruments like Santoor, Rabab and Saz - I-Kashmir. Hafiza dancing was very popular till the beginning of the present century during festivals, fairs and marriages.